FTTH and PON Networks

Switches are generally used in access networks

An access switch is a network edge device that directly connects end-user hardware such as computers, IP phones, wireless access points, cameras, and IoT devices to the broader network. It assists mainly in the switching of incoming and outgoing data packets to the right destination, as specified in MAC. In computer networks, switches are critical devices that manage the flow of data between devices in a local area network (LAN). Note:. Ethernet networks are growing and becoming more complex, with high-capacity WANs now being used in telecommunications, business, and industrial automation. Due to their complexity, these networks require regular maintenance, troubleshooting, and upgrades, which are done in phases. A network switch is a multiport network.

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Passive optical networks PONs are point-to-point networks

Passive Optical Network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint optical access technology. It uses only optical fibers to transmit data, voice, and video services. In practice, PONs are typically used for the last mile between Internet service providers (ISP) and their customers. Instead of running a separate fiber strand to every home or office, a PON shares a single fiber using optical. Passive optical networking (PON), like active optical networking, uses fiber-optic cabling to provide Ethernet connectivity from a main data source to endpoints. Un passive optical network is a fiber optic telecommunications network that connects a central piece of equipment (the OLT) to multiple subscriber devices (the ONU) without any electrically powered components in the transmission path. Signal distribution is done via passive optical splitters —.

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Fiber Optic Cable for Networks

Because the effect of dispersion increases with the length of the fiber, a fiber transmission system is often characterized by its bandwidth–distance product, usually expressed in units of ·km. This value is a product of bandwidth and distance because there is a trade-off between the bandwidth of the signal and the distance over which it can be carried. For example, a common multi-mode fiber with a bandwidth–distance product of 500 MHz·km could carry a 500 MHz signal for 1 km or a 1000 MHz sig.

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